Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg kev noj cov theem, qhov ntsuas ntawm cov neeg siv kas fes hauv tsev tau tshaj 300 lab, thiab Suav kas fes khw tau loj hlob sai. Raws li kev lag luam kev kwv yees, qhov ntsuas ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam kas fes yuav nce mus rau 313.3 billion yuan hauv 2024, nrog kev loj hlob ntawm 17.14% hauv peb lub xyoos dhau los. Daim ntawv qhia txog kev lag luam kas fes hauv Suav teb tau tshaj tawm los ntawm International Coffee Organization (ICO) kuj tau taw qhia txog lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam kas fes.
Kas fes feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li kev noj haus: kas fes instant thiab freshly brewed kas fes. Tam sim no, instant kas fes thiab freshly brewed kas fes account rau txog 60% ntawm Tuam Tshoj kas fes khw, thiab freshly brewed kas fes account rau txog 40%. Vim muaj kev nkag mus rau kas fes kab lis kev cai thiab kev txhim kho ntawm tib neeg cov nyiaj tau los, tib neeg tab tom nrhiav lub neej zoo thiab them nyiaj ntau dua rau qhov zoo thiab saj ntawm kas fes. Cov nplai ntawm lub khw kas fes tshiab tshiab tau loj hlob sai, uas tau txhawb kev noj cov taum kas fes zoo thiab qhov kev thov rau kev lag luam ntshuam.
1. Ntiaj teb no kas fes taum ntau lawm
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, thoob ntiaj teb kas fes taum ntau lawm tau nce ntxiv. Raws li Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations (FAO), kev tsim cov noob taum kas fes thoob ntiaj teb yuav ncav cuag 10.891 lab tons hauv 2022, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 2.7%. Raws li World Coffee Organization ICO, thoob ntiaj teb kas fes ntau lawm hauv 2022-2023 lub caij yuav nce 0.1% xyoo-rau-xyoo rau 168 lab lub hnab, sib npaug rau 10.092 lab tons; Nws tau kwv yees tias tag nrho cov kas fes ntau lawm hauv 2023-2024 lub caij yuav nce 5.8% mus rau 178 lab lub hnab, sib npaug rau 10.68 lab tons.
Kas fes yog cov qoob loo kub, thiab nws thaj chaw cog qoob loo thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau yog muab faib rau hauv Latin America, Africa thiab Southeast Asia. Raws li kev txheeb cais los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations, tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm kev cog qoob loo kas fes hauv ntiaj teb xyoo 2022 yog 12.239 lab hectares, ib xyoos ib zaug poob ntawm 3.2%. Lub ntiaj teb kas fes ntau yam tuaj yeem muab faib ua botanically muab rau hauv kas fes Arabica thiab Robusta kas fes. Ob hom kas fes taum muaj cov yam ntxwv tsw thiab feem ntau siv los tsim cov khoom sib txawv. Hais txog kev tsim khoom, xyoo 2022-2023, lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov khoom ntawm Arabica kas fes yuav yog 9.4 lab lub hnab (kwv yees li 5.64 lab tons), ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 1.8%, suav txog 56% ntawm tag nrho cov kas fes ntau lawm; tag nrho cov khoom lag luam ntawm Robusta kas fes yuav yog 7.42 lab lub hnab (kwv yees li 4.45 lab tons), ib xyoos ib zaug poob ntawm 2%, suav txog 44% ntawm tag nrho cov kas fes ntau lawm.
Xyoo 2022, yuav muaj 16 lub teb chaws uas taum kas fes ntau tshaj 100,000 tons, suav txog 91.9% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kas fes ntau lawm. Ntawm lawv, 7 lub tebchaws hauv Latin America (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico thiab Nicaragua) suav txog 47.14% ntawm kev tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb; 5 lub teb chaws hauv Asia (Vietnam, Indonesia, Is Nrias teb, Nplog thiab Tuam Tshoj) suav txog 31.2% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kas fes ntau lawm; 4 lub tebchaws hauv tebchaws Africa (Ethiopia, Uganda, Central African Republic thiab Guinea) suav txog 13.5% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kas fes ntau lawm.
2. Tuam Tshoj lub kas fes taum ntau lawm
Raws li United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Tuam Tshoj cov kas fes taum ntau lawm hauv 2022 yuav yog 109,000 tons, nrog rau 10-xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm 1.2%, suav txog 1% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb, nyob rau qib 15 hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li kev kwv yees los ntawm World Coffee Organisation ICO, Tuam Tshoj thaj chaw cog kas fes ntau dua 80,000 hectares, nrog rau txhua xyoo tso zis ntau dua 2.42 lab lub hnab. Cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog tsom rau hauv Yunnan Xeev, suav txog li 95% ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom lag luam txhua xyoo. Qhov seem 5% yog los ntawm Hainan, Fujian thiab Sichuan.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Yunnan Provincial Department of Agriculture thiab Rural Development, los ntawm 2022, thaj chaw cog kas fes hauv Yunnan yuav ncav cuag 1.3 lab mu, thiab cov taum kas fes yuav muaj txog 110,000 tons. Nyob rau hauv 2021, tus nqi tso zis ntawm tag nrho cov kas fes kev lag luam saw nyob rau hauv Yunnan yog 31.67 billion yuan, ib xyoo-rau-xyoo nce ntawm 1.7%, ntawm uas cov qoob loo cov khoom muaj nqis yog 2.64 billion yuan, cov khoom tsim tawm tus nqi yog 17.36 billion yuan, thiab cov lag luam wholesale thiab muag khoom ntxiv tus nqi yog 11.67 billion.
3. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab noj taum kas fes
Raws li kev kwv yees ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm United Nations (FAO), lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam xa tawm ntim ntawm kas fes taum ntsuab hauv 2022 yuav yog 7.821 lab tons, ib xyoos ib zaug poob ntawm 0.36%; thiab raws li kev kwv yees ntawm World Coffee Organization (WCO), tag nrho cov khoom lag luam xa tawm ntawm cov taum ntsuab hauv xyoo 2023 yuav poob mus txog 7.7 lab tons.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm exports, Brazil yog lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj exporter ntawm ntsuab kas fes taum. Raws li United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, lub export ntim nyob rau hauv 2022 yog 2.132 lab tons, accounting rau 27.3% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no export ntim (zoo tib yam hauv qab no); Nyab Laj nyob qib thib ob nrog kev xa tawm ntawm 1.314 lab tons, suav txog 16.8%; Colombia nyob rau qib thib peb nrog kev xa tawm ntawm 630,000 tons, suav txog 8.1%. Xyoo 2022, Tuam Tshoj tau xa tawm 45,000 tons ntawm kas fes ntsuab taum, nyob rau qib 22 ntawm cov teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li Suav Tuam Txhab Kev lis kev cai, Tuam Tshoj tau xa tawm 16,000 tons ntawm kas fes taum hauv 2023, txo qis ntawm 62.2% los ntawm 2022; Tuam Tshoj tau xa tawm 23,000 tons ntawm kas fes taum txij lub Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Rau Hli 2024, nce 133.3% nyob rau tib lub sijhawm xyoo 2023.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-25-2025
